Thomas Jefferson Essay - 1340 Words

1. Thomas Jefferson admired, respected, and praised the Indians for their intellects (Hollitz, 124). However, he also saw them in political terms as enemies in war or partners in peace. Jefferson’s extensive public career allowed him to form the relations between the United States and various Indian nations in the eighteenth centuries. Jefferson notice that the Indians still were not introduced or developed their own written language (Hollitz, 124). As a man of the Enlightenment, he knew that the Indian way of life could no longer exist in the expansion of United States. Jefferson’s attitude toward the Indian population of the United States always seemed as greatly ironic as his attitude toward slavery. On several occasions†¦show more content†¦Jefferson also told his agents never to force Indians to sell lands. The lands were theirs as long as they wished, but he hoped to speed up the process. Jefferson suggested that if the various Indian nations coul d be encouraged to purchase goods on credit, they would likely fall into debt, which they could lessen the debt through the sale of lands to the government (Hollitz 126). Jefferson created strategic plans to further white interests. Thomas Jefferson was one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence. He was a well-known slave-holder who declared his passion that Negroes were an inferior race to whites and yet, ironically, was honest in his belief that slavery was immoral and should be abolished. Jefferson admired Blacks for their work ethics, spirits, bravery, and adventurous sense (Holliz, 124). He also appreciated their gifts in music and their â€Å"capability of imagining a small catch† (Hollitz, 125). However, Jefferson questioned Black colonization when he wrote a letter to James Monroe, shortly after a slave rebellion (Hollitz, 130). He expressed uncertainty of his decisions to allow black colonization to grow as part of the nation and the black establishing a colony as citizen (Hollitz, 131). Jefferson knew that all men were created equal and struggled constantly with his principles over his own slaves. Thomas Jefferson refused to publically supportShow MoreRelatedWho Is Thomas Jef ferson?993 Words   |  4 Pages Who is Thomas Jefferson? Matthew Backlin United States History 1 A CP October 18, 2015 Who was Thomas Jefferson? Most people just think of him as the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence or just one of our many presidents. That’s not the case. Jefferson was more than that, He was a very intelligent man and a loving father and grandfather. Thomas Jefferson was also an inventor and one of the most significant men in the history of makingRead MoreThomas Jefferson And The Constitution911 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions. However Thomas Jefferson the 4th president of the United States also known as the father of the constitution and Alexander Hamilton who was the author of the majority papers written as well as the leading member of the constitutional convention the both of them took part in creating the(factions) that lead to the political systems also known as democracy being introduced. James Madison was the principle intellecteal leader of the constitutional convention while Thomas Jefferson contributedRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson1532 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson He is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage theirRead MoreEssay Thomas Jefferson1012 Words   |  5 Pages Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia. He was born in a simple four-room house in Shadwell, Virginia, what is now Monticello. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a planter who was a bright, brave, and strong man. His mother was a very gentle lady. She was boring under one of the most distinguished families in the area. His family had prospered since the first Jefferson arrived in America from Whales in 1612. Soon after Jef ferson’s birth, the French and British beganRead MoreThe Contributions Of Thomas Jefferson1474 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, there was a red-haired Virginian who was less than intimidating yet more literate and educated; he was credited for driving the nail in our retaliation against Britain’s lack of representation against the colonists. This man’s name was Thomas Jefferson, a historical figure who wasn’t expected to accomplish much based on his modesty; however, he achieved so many successful pursuits in which the most notable contributions will be included in the following main points: His general background/upbringingsRead MoreThomas Jefferson Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Jefferson Thomas Jeffersons ideals and beliefs were derived from a deep regard for life, liberty, and freedom. His concept of individual freedoms strongly disagreed with the notion of a guided republic which he believed concentrated a great deal unchecked power among a few people. This could have the potential of tyrannical government that might suppress personal freedoms of any kind especially those of religion, which Jefferson feels very strongly felt should be protected. AfterRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay869 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 to Peter and Jane Jefferson. His exact place of birth is not known. But it is believed to be about five miles outside of Charlottesville. He had ten brothers and sisters, but many of them died very young. Jefferson was one of two surviving sons. He was sandy-haired, tall, and awkward. His nickname was â€Å"Long Tom.† He really enjoyed outdoor activities, especially riding, shooting, and canoeing. Jefferson was also great musician and a diligent worker whoRead More thomas jefferson Essay912 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson was Born on April 13, 1743,on a farm called Shadwell, what is now called Monticello, in the county of Albermarle, Virginia. Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. At the age of five, Jefferson was placed by his father, Peter Jefferson, at an quot;English school, for four years, where he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American explorationquot;. After English school, was transferred to a Latin schoolRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I read is Thomas Jefferson by Norman K. Risjord. This book was published in 1994. The biography I read was Thomas Jefferson and it was very enlightening and informative. The story began in Shadwell, Virginia where Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 and raised until he was approximately 18. Thomas Jefferson’s parents were well off, but his father died when Thomas was 14. When Jefferson was 17 years old, he got permission to attend the College of William and Mary. Thomas Jefferson did many thingsRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson841 Words   |  4 PagesFrance Was in favor of this Alliance with France Wanted to work with the British Repelled the judiciary Act of 1801 They were all for it Jefferson had dismissed many federalist and judges so they were against it. Part 2: Response Write a 350-word response to the following question: How â€Å"Jeffersonian† was Thomas Jefferson as president? Jefferson doesnt fit neatly into the label Jeffersonian†. Jeffersons commitment to the separation of church and state, his  Virginia Act for Establishing

The Joy Of Reading And Writing Superman And Me, By...

Generally, every individual’s learning experience has its own inspiring and meaningful stories; a learning experience that has its own unique distinctions, interpretations, complications, sacrifices, has its endless possibilities, and most importantly, a learning experience that has its own effective action and optimistic option for execution. For example: In â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me,† Sherman Alexie highlights his enjoyment of reading and writing. He claims that as a kid, he reminds himself that he is a â€Å"smart Indian boy† even though it is not recognized on a reservation or even when non-Indian teachers believe that Indian children are stupid. Similarly, in â€Å"Learning to Read and Write,† Frederick Douglass demonstrates that slaves are entitled to have the same rights to learn about reading and writing as any other Americans. He testifies that his masters, including his fellow slaves believe that slavery and education were not compatible. Moreover, in â€Å"On Keeping a Notebook,† Joan Didion stereotypes herself by constantly questioning her own writing due to her lack of confidence as a writer. She conveys that eventually, she masters writing through examining her own writing on a piece of a notebook about herself and other people. Likewise, in â€Å"Learning to Read,† Malcolm X expresses that books are his â€Å"Alma Mater† because he becomes proficient in writing in a course of copying every single word in a dictionary. He clarifies that he develops his skills inShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Of Reading And Writing : Superman And Me, By Sherman Alexie1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthe story â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me† by Sherman Alexie, talked about being a middle-class Indian living in American. â€Å"If heÊ »d been anything but an Indian boy living on the reservation, he might have been called a prodigy. But he is an Indian boy living on the rese rvation and is simply an oddity† (Alexie 24). Since Alexie was Indian he wasn t accepted and praised for his talents in reading instead he was made an outcast. Being a smart Indian meant that Alexie was ridiculedRead MoreSherman Alexie s The Joy Of Reading And Writing : Superman And Me970 Words   |  4 PagesCade Webb Sandra Hurst English 1113 Monday, September 21st Alexie and Douglas: Compare and Contrast Education is something that is often taken for granted in this day and age. Kids these days rebel against going to school all together. In the essays â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me† by Sherman Alexie and â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† by Frederick Douglass, we learn of two young men eager for knowledge. Both men being minors and growing up in a time many years apart, felt like takingRead MoreThe Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me Essay examples657 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me† Reading â€Å"The Joy of reading and Writing: Superman and Me,† gave me a different perspective of reading and writing. Sherman Alexie, who grew up on the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington, explains his life as an Indian boy, and how reading and writing helped his life to succeed. Alexie purposes is to discuss how he first learned how to read and write, his intelligence as a young Indian boy, and Alexie as an adult teaching creative writingRead More Response to Article College is a Waste of Time and Money Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pages The key and initial forces/factors that help children receive a good education are parents’ support, the child’s confidence, and the drive to learn. In The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me, Sherman Alexie demonstrates each characteristic, strives through obstacles and shines through it all. According to therapist, Anna Robinson, the first and key factor in children receiving a good education is parents’ support. Anna discovers that when children come into her office, oneRead MoreSummary Of The Joy Of Reading And Writing By Sherman Alexie957 Words   |  4 PagesNative American Sherman Alexie the author of the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me was born and raised on a Spokane Indian Reservation. Growing up his family did not have a lot of money, yet today Alexie is known as one of the most prominent Native American writers. Alexie reminisces on his childhood when he first taught himself how to read. In the essay The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me Sherman Alexie suggests, that for Native Americans reading is the key toRead MoreEssay on Keys to a Good Education for Children622 Words   |  3 Pages The key and initial forces/factors that help children receive a good education are parents’ support, the child’s confidence, and the drive to learn. In The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me, Sherman Alexie demonstrates each characteristic, strives through obstacles and shines through it all. According to therapist, Anna Robinson, the first and key factor in children receiving a good education is parents’ support. Anna discovers that when children come into her office, one keyRead MoreSherman Alexie Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages In the essay â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me,† Sherman Alexie credits learning to read a Superman comic book with saving his life. As an Indian boy growing up on a reservation in Spokane, Washington, where being uneducated was not the exception but the rule, Alexie was given few opportunities to succeed. The Superman comic book was the book he taught himself to read with, which in turn saved him from going down a path that lead to a the life of inferiority and failure. LearningRead MoreEssay On Superman And Me706 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Sherman Alexie the Indian culture are expected to fail and how the Indians accept that they all do not know much. He hates that this is the case so he wants them to change the way they think. He also talks about the lack of education in the reservations and how they can change it. The author expresses the struggle of bad reading and writing education for Indians, and persuades that he wants the Indian youth to have a better education. In â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me†, publishedRead MoreThe Joys Of Writing Superman And Me By Sherman Alexie794 Words   |  4 Pageslucky.† Wise words from a Spokane Indian boy named Sherman Alexie, who was not provided the same educational rights and opportunities as most Americans. He was born in Washington state on a Spokane reservation. People expected him to be dumb just because he was an Indian. Well that wasnt the case. He refused to be the stereotype Indian that society labeled him as. So at the age of three he taught himself how to read and write by analyzing a superman comic book. He faced tons of difficulties when tryingRead MoreEssay on The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me833 Words   |  4 PagesReading Leads to Prosperity Sherman Alexie recalls his childhood memory of learning to read, and his teaching experience in â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me†. He devotes his interest to reading. By this way, he breaks the stereotype that Indian boys are expected to be stupid and dumb, and later on he becomes a successful writer because of his endeavor to read. Alexie vividly narrates his younger life by using metaphor and repetition with a confident tone, in order to strengthen

The Structure Lines of Communication in an Organization free essay sample

In building an effective communication structure within an organisation, the manager must take into account the direction certain communications would take. There are different ways in which information can be disseminated within an organisation. These include:I. Downward communication – This is passing message from higher level to lower level in an organisation. This flow mainly involves giving orders, broadening of ideas and communicational knowledge.II. Upward communication This flow of information is where a message is passed from those ranked lower in the organisation structure to their superiors. It allows subordinates to pass feedback, which maybe include opinions or expression of problems that need their attentions. Thus an effective and efficient upward communication system will help manager in monitoring the day to day running activities of the company.III. Lateral communication – Employees in organisation need to communicate among themselves. Through this they foster team work and avoid duplication and overlapping of tasks. We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure Lines of Communication in an Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lateral flow is the communication among people in the same department. Organised lateral flow will not only help the manager to create harmony within the teams under him but will also help team members to build trust and social appropriately within the company. With this, the company will be a place where employees feel wanted and thus motivate them to unleash their full potential in whatever they do.IV. Diagonal communication – No one department in an organisation an island, all departments must work together for the organistion to achieve its set goals. The work of the manager is therefore to create linkage on which they operate without any conflict. This is only possible with a clear communication system. Thus an effective lateral communication should be set in any organisation. V. External flow – This is the communication with those out of the organization. This occurs when the organization is transacting business with other organisations or when it is connecting to community around it.

War is Nothing Like Criminality and Chaos

State building is the process of creating new governments or transforming the existing ones to enhance the governance process (Coyne and Pellillo 6). This concept is highly utilized by established states on entities extensively rocked by political instabilities. It is usually an intervention by well-established organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War is Nothing Like Criminality and Chaos specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These organizations, establish strategies for renewing the failed states. In those places where it is rampant, it highly creates a governing regime with competitive personnel thus enhancing the state’s operational effectiveness (Coyne and Pellillo 7). In as much as state building is a method of reforming failed/failing states, it is crucial to note that states cannot be build without commitment. According to Hezbollah’s secretary general, it is impossible to build states. Sources indicate that establishing suitable governance for Lebanon might be impossible. The formation of militia groups intending to sabotage the America’s plan of enhancing peace and prosperity for Lebanon poses many challenges (Coyne and Pellillo 15). Sources confirmed existence of authorities working to aid the militia group’s effort of dismantling the America’s plan to help Lebanon’s political as well as economic wellness. If this militia’s strategy succeeds, then it would become impossible for the American project to succeed. The escalating possession of superior weapons by the militia makes the project impractical. He argued that challenges witnessed resulted from availability of many political parties that derailed the entire process.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the year 2001, the Taliban movement in Afghanistan led to many con sequences. The war left the entire economy poor and the country wrecked (Krause 17). In an endeavor to rebuild the state, the government came up with new development strategies. Back in 2010, the Afghanistan government initiated a project known as the Kabul process. The idea behind it was to enhance good leadership for the country thus realizing the anticipated growth in future. In an effort to achieve these goals, the Afghanistan government initiated 23 programs mainly addressing good service delivery, a responsible governing system, and infrastructure development (Krause 33). The government also requested the interested donors to implement programs aligned to Afghanistan’s â€Å"National Priority Programs† (Krause 33). Additionally, other international bodies interested in the country’s development have initiatives similar to those for the country. The International Development Agency (IDA) plays a momentous part in helping Afghanistan’s government powe r building, developing her economy and enhancing reliability of the private sector. The country had many donors in the year 2002. The overall donation totaled to US $ 4.1 billion comprising of the highest budget for the country ever (Krause 35). The World Bank contributes highly to the country’s economic advancement. The programs established by IDA help the country in attaining her goals. The community empowerment strategies significantly help enhance the people welfare. IDA works tirelessly in assisting the country develop economic wise (Kremer, Lieshout and Went 157).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War is Nothing Like Criminality and Chaos specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, in achieving economic stability, there is need of creating employment opportunities. This association aids in propagating agriculture development. Following its efforts, the country’s infrastructure has immensely dev eloped thus easing shipping of the produce across markets. Despite the appreciated growth in most sectors of the country, some aspects are not fully met. The country’s public service remains deprived, therefore, the government need to enact strategies geared to restore democracy in the country (Kremer, Lieshout Went 158). The government needs to establish institutions transparent enough to serve the public accordingly. Corruption among the officials limits the country’s ability, to meet its specified goals. The concept of state building is crucial in rejuvenating failed states. This is because of high prevalence of international organizations mandated to assisting their growth. In Afghanistan, various organizations developed interest in aiding its development. As a result, the economic sectors developed. Contrary, the efforts have not fully developed the public service operations. It is therefore evident that, building a country depends on the country’s willing ness and preparedness to transform, but not pressure from external factors. Works cited Coyne, Christopher. Pellillo, Adam. The art of seeing like a state: State-building in Afghanistan, the Congo and beyond. March 23, 2011. Web. Krause, Joachim. International state building and reconstruction efforts: experience gained and lessons learned a publication of the aspen institute Germany. Farmington hills, MI: Barbara Budrich, 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kremer, Monique, Lieshout, Peter and Went Robert. Doing good or doing better: development policies in a globalizing world. New York, NY: Amsterdam university press, 2010. Print. This essay on War is Nothing Like Criminality and Chaos was written and submitted by user Ahmad Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My dream company free essay sample

Lots of people find it hard to answer the question what do you want to do for a living. In addition, many dream that one day their hobby would constitute a big part of their occupation. I have always been good at languages and for me it is a pleasure to study one, not an obligation. But I believe that languages need to be practiced otherwise one will forget them. That is why I would like to work in a company where I need to speak many languages or at least one foreign. Also, I like different cultures and I think that working in a multinational company that has branches all over the world would be the most suitable place for me. Also, I consider myself a creative person, who likes dynamic and fast paced environment. That is the reason why being in the field of Marketing has always been my dream. We will write a custom essay sample on My dream company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Working in such field seems very easy, but in fact Marketing and PR, not to mention planning, are activities that are very demanding – working on a tight deadline, being prepared for the unexpected things, being extremely concentrated, paying attention to every single detail and working fast, are just some of the things that a marketing person should be able to do. Most of my life I have lived in a country where economy was equivalent to crisis. I have had the opportunity to witness what is the situation with small business and what problems they face. In the recent years, especially after the economic crisis in 2007-2008, small companies have been striving to survive and remain on the market. Many people lost their jobs because consumption and thus businesses froze. That is why I want to work for a relatively large company that has developed in many markets and people have trust in it. I think that large corporations have many advantages and can give a wide variety of opportunities to every individual. Being even a small part of something that is internationally recognized is very inspirational for me. Big companies can be a source of new relationships and improve networking in general, which I consider very important. Another valuable aspect of my dream company is the individual development. As I already mentioned I like dynamics and fast paced environment. What I mean is that the corporation should give opportunities to every employee to learn more, for example, through additional trainings in a training centers or corporate universitie. I believe that learning and self-upgrading should be highly encouraged, meaning that horizontal development could be a part of the company culture. Vertical development has a high value as well. Getting a promotion is regarded as a recognizing one’s effort and contribution to the company. I would like to be an employee in a corporation where vertical development is encouraged and the process of leveling up is very fast and dynamic. I have always imagined that I work in a place where employers appreciate the efforts of the people under them and constantly motivate them. Companies can be really successful if its employees are happy and committed to what they do. I believe that every worker should be inspired and motivated, and to believe in the things the company stands for. The labor and effort should be highly valued and appreciated. People should be motivated to learn new things and grow professionally. The climate in the company should be friendly. Internal competition can be good in terms of personal motivation, but I think that it should be avoided as much as possible, since it can become a source of gossips, envy, etc. In my views the more appropriate way of working is the teamwork. I think employees should help each other and work together, thus achieving better results and keeping better working environment. Relationships outside the office are something acceptable as long as they are not manifested at work. After all, professionalism is important. In terms of relationships between managers and subordinates, I think they should be formal. Employees should be aware of their place in the company and their duties. The supervisor or manager is the one who assigns tasks, delegates responsibilities, etc. However, proposals and ideas could be highly acceptable. Big companies tend to have a certain number of shareholders. In my opinion shareholders should be the people who make the general and big decisions such as whether to sell the company, merge it with another one or sell more shares on the stock market. It is not a secret that many owners are concerned mainly with the bottom line or the companies’ profits and how all of this would affect their dividends. I believe that owners could pay attention to the image of the company as well and be more devoted to the ideas that drive this business. It can be regarded as a disadvantage of large corporations that the organizational structure is very complex and usually involves thousands of people. In that case many employees do not have any direct contact with the owners of that company. That is why I think owners should set a mission or main idea that would be a role model for behavior. Also, I believe that visits to every branch should be encouraged – thus owners would be informed how the business in the company is done and what problems occur. That is not something mandatory since shareholders have many things to think about, but in my opinion such visits would be a good practice. Today the world faces international issues such as air pollution, poverty and health deterioration. In this regard, I think companies in 21st century, in their role of global players, should be socially responsible. Charitable programs, for instance, can have double benefits – for the poor people whom the program is aimed at, and the company itself. Companies can build good image by corporate social responsibility and thus gain the trust of their customers. In my opinion, my dream company should be environmentally friendly – the production process should not cause pollution, the packages for the products should be recycled and the usage of renewable energy can be encouraged. Company employees can learn a lot from the place where they work. Inspiring and motivating people to lead a way of life that is environmentally friendly can be transferred from the office to the home, thus making the company a wonderful role model for every individual. This is the reason why I believe that corporations need to be socially and environmentally responsible – they can promote a better way of living.

Anne Frank essays

Anne Frank essays The Diary of Anne Frank Journeying back to the early nineteenth century, when Nazi forces occupied Germany during World War II, the lives of those living in this territory was spent in constant fear and anxiety. The Diary of Anne Frank leads readers through the harsh times of a family trying to escape imprisonment in concentration camps by Nazi soldiers, where death was almost certain. Born on June 12, 1929, Anne Frank was a German-Jewish teenager who was forced to go into hiding during the Holocaust. She and her family, along with four others, spent 25 months during World War II in an annex of rooms above her father's office in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. During the two years in hiding which Anne refers to as "a time when the ideals are being shattered and destroyed, when the worst side of human nature predominates, when every one has come to doubt truth, justice and God (pg.327)." Anne kept a diary that was given to her by her father, Otto Frank, on her birthday. Between June 1942 and August 1944, from Anne's thirteenth birthday until shortly after her fifteenth birthday, Anne recorded her feelings, her emotions, and her thoughts, as well as the events that happened to her. "...Ideas, dreams, and cherished hopes rise within us only to meet the horrible truth and be shattered...yet in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart (pg. 327)." The diary is an accurate record of the way Anne grows up and matures, in the unfortunate situation she found herself. Given the circumstances in which the novel is written Anne gave a very vivid description of her surroundings and the feelings she encountered throughout her ordeal. The novel displays the grief and frustration that is experienced throughout the time spent in hiding. The emotions of the situation are captured in the text and gives validity to the pain and frustration encountered. Despite the amusing and enlightening side of the diary, that documents the...

Summarizing of History and acheveiment of Sweatshop Watch Essay

Summarizing of History and acheveiment of Sweatshop Watch - Essay Example The discovery of the infamous El Monte sweatshops in 1995 where 72 Thai immigrant workers were forced to sew clothes behind razor wires and armed guards gave birth to Sweatshop Watch. Together with community organizations, Sweatshop Watch worked to release the workers from INS detention and get them housing, food and medical care and for the recovery of unpaid wages, overtime compensation and damages for civil rights violations. The group's Retailer Accountability Campaign pressured retailers who sold clothes sewn by the El Monte workers through public demonstrations and letter-writing campaigns that were critical in winning $4 million from retailers and manufacturers for back wages and redress. Today, many of the El Monte workers continue to work in the garment industry, although they are now aware of their rights and are actively educating other workers as well as policy makers and the public. Over the following years, from 1996 to 2000, Sweatshop Watch held many campaigns, in alliance with other groups, in the state of California, nationwide as well overseas to further the protection of workers' rights' through legislation, media work and public education. codes of conduct and monitoring. ... purchase of goods made under sweatshop conditions. Began to expand its work nationally and internationally by engaging in debate on codes of conduct and monitoring. It issued a issued a critique of the White House Apparel Industry Partnership (now the Fair Labor Association) and partnered with Working Assets to generate 32,000 letters and calls to the Partnership's Co-Chair Liz Claiborne, demanding that the Partnership include a living wage in its Code of Conduct. 1998: Produced the 1998 Garment Workers Calendar, an inspiring collection of black and white photographs of garment workers at work and on the picket line and with historical dates in the garment industry. Hosted the Living Wage Working Summit which brought together over 50 participants from the U.S., Canada, Mexico, El Salvador, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Hong Kong and the Netherlands. The summit developed a draft formula for a living wage and popularized the demand for a living wage in the anti-sweatshop movement. Co-convened a coalition of students, faculty, staff and community members to strengthen the University of California's Code of Conduct for Trademark Licensees, and began supporting the growing student movement against sweatshops. Participated in the founding of the Workers Rights Consortium. 1999: Won the passage of a sweatshop reform bill for California's 120,000 garment workers, Assembly Bill 633 (Steinberg, Hayden). Filing of three separate lawsuits against top U.S. clothing companies to clean up the rampant sweatshop abuses in Saipan, a U.S. territory in the South Pacific. 2000: Helped won justice for eight Los Angeles garment workers who sewed university gear under sweatshop conditions. Achievements: The recent achievements of Sweatshop Watch